Formins at a glance.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Formins are conserved actin polymerization machines that have instrumental roles in controlling rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton and have recently been shown to directly regulate microtubule dynamics. Here, and on the accompanying poster, we aim to organize a rapidly expanding body of literature on this diverse protein family, summarizing the common properties that apply to most formins, and highlighting recent advances in understanding formin structure, mechanism, activity and regulation at the molecular and cellular levels. Formins were first identified in flies, mice and yeast as genes that, when mutated, cause severe defects in cytokinesis, polarity, and cell and tissue morphogenesis (Mass et al., 1990; Jackson-Grusby et al., 1992; Castrillon and Wasserman, 1994; Kohno et al., 1996). Subsequent studies in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that formins directly nucleate the assembly of actin filaments, and that these activities are essential in vivo for the assembly of actin cables that direct polarized cell growth (Evangelista et al., 2002; Pruyne et al., 2002; Sagot et al., 2002a; Sagot et al., 2002b). Since then, members of this large protein family (encoded by 15 genes in mammals, two in S. cerevisiae, three in Saccharomyces pombe, and six in Drosophila melangastor) have been demonstrated to have crucial roles in an increasingly wide range of cytoskeletonbased processes (as illustrated in the Poster).
منابع مشابه
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Journal of cell science
دوره 126 Pt 1 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2013